Non-bank credit organization (NPO). Non-bank credit organization: what is it Settlement non-bank credit organization

(NPO) is a credit organization that has the right to carry out certain banking operations established by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

Peculiarities:

NPOs in the credit system of the Russian Federation are highly specialized: they exist only in the field of payments.

Russian NPOs do not have the right to attract funds from legal entities and individuals into deposits for the purpose of placement on their own behalf and at their own expense.

NPOs are prohibited from engaging in production, trading and insurance activities.

NPOs first appeared on the banking market in the early 90s of the last century on the recommendation of the International Monetary Fund in the conditions of bank non-payments and a system of surrogate settlements based on barter with the prospect of servicing new settlement systems: interbank, exchange, corporate, etc.

Types of non-bank credit organizations:

Organizations carrying out settlement operations, such as opening and maintaining bank accounts of legal entities, making settlements on behalf of legal entities on their bank accounts;

Organizations carrying out deposit and credit operations provided for by law;

Collection organizations that have the right to collect funds, bills, payment and settlement documents.

Licenses:

License to carry out banking operations with funds in rubles or with funds in rubles and foreign currency for settlement non-bank credit organizations

License to carry out banking operations with funds in rubles or with funds in rubles and foreign currency for non-bank credit institutions carrying out deposit and credit operations.

NPOs may not have a credit license (but only a settlement license).

Non-bank credit organization (NPO)

Non-bank credit organization(NPO) – one that has the right to carry out certain banking operations. The definition of NPOs is given by the federal law of December 2, 1990 No. 395-1 “On banks and banking activities.” Acceptable combinations of banking operations for non-profit organizations are established by the Bank of Russia. Legislative requirements for non-bank credit institutions are lower than for banks, which is associated with a lower degree of risk in transactions.

In general, non-bank credit organizations can be divided into three main types: settlement non-bank credit organizations (RNCOs), payment non-bank credit organizations (PNCOs) and non-bank depository credit organizations (NDCOs).

According to the instruction of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 129-I dated April 26, 2006 “On banking operations and other transactions of settlement non-bank credit institutions, mandatory standards of settlement non-bank credit organizations and the peculiarities of the Bank of Russia’s supervision over their compliance,” RNCOs carry out the following types of activities:

Opening and maintaining bank accounts for legal entities;

Carrying out settlements on behalf of legal entities, including correspondent banks, on their bank accounts;

Collection of funds, bills, payment and settlement documents and cash services for legal entities;

Purchase and sale of foreign currency in non-cash form;

Making money transfers on behalf of individuals without opening bank accounts (except for postal transfers);

RNKO does not have the right to: attract funds from individuals and legal entities for deposits; open and maintain bank accounts for individuals, carry out settlements on behalf of individuals on their bank accounts; buy and sell cash foreign currency; attract deposits and place precious metals, as well as issue bank guarantees.

In other words, RNKO does not have the right to attract deposits and issue loans; it provides a system of payments and transfers.

Currently, the following groups of RNCOs can be distinguished on the market:

Clearing organizations: CJSC Clearing House, CJSC Interregional Clearing Center, OJSC Moscow Clearing Center, etc.;

Settlement centers on the securities market, for example, the NPO RTS Clearing House;

Clearing houses that provide services to legal entities, including correspondent banks in foreign exchange markets, such as the National Settlement Depository, which serves the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange;

Settlement organizations operating in the interbank market, for example, NPO Payment Center, which services the Golden Crown payment system and has agreements with more than 130 banks;

Settlement organizations specializing in the transfer of funds from individuals without opening bank accounts, such as Western Union DP Vostok, NPO Rapida.

A payment non-bank credit organization has the right to carry out money transfers without opening bank accounts and other banking operations related to them. This type of NPO appeared with the release of the law “On the National Payment System”. Compared to a settlement payment non-bank credit organization, a narrower range of operations is permitted. It should provide a risk-free transfer system within the framework of organizing instant, electronic, and mobile payments.

According to the regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated September 21, 2001 No. 153-P “On the peculiarities of prudential regulation of the activities of non-bank credit institutions carrying out deposit and credit operations,” NDCOs can carry out the following banking operations:

Attracting funds from legal entities into deposits (for a certain period);

Placement of funds attracted from legal entities as deposits on their own behalf and at their own expense;

Purchase and sale of foreign currency in non-cash form (exclusively on your own behalf and at your own expense);

Issuance of bank guarantees;

Carrying out activities on the securities market.

NDCO has no right:

Attract funds from individuals into deposits (on demand and for a certain period) and legal entities into deposits on demand;

Open and maintain bank accounts of individuals and legal entities, as well as make payments on them;

Engage in collection of funds, bills, payment and settlement documents and cash services;

Buy and sell cash foreign currency;

Attract deposits and place precious metals;

Make money transfers on behalf of individuals without opening bank accounts.

In other words, NDCOs do not have the right to conduct settlement operations, but they can carry out certain credit and deposit operations.

The only example of such an organization is the CJSC “Non-Bank Deposit and Credit Organization “Women’s Microfinance Network” created in 2005. However, in 2011, his license was revoked due to the decision of this organization to cease operations through liquidation. Currently there is not a single NDCO on the market.

The procedure for opening all NPOs is prescribed in the instruction of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated April 2, 2010 No. 135-I “On the procedure for the Bank of Russia to make decisions on state registration of credit organizations and issuing licenses for banking operations.”

Mandatory standards for payment non-bank credit organizations are covered by Bank of Russia Instruction No. 137-I dated September 15, 2011 “On mandatory standards for non-bank credit organizations that have the right to carry out money transfers without opening bank accounts and related other banking operations, and the specifics of carrying out Bank of Russia supervision over their compliance."

In the banking system of the Russian Federation in accordance with Federal Law of December 2, 1990 No. 395-1 “About banks and banking activities” all credit organizations are divided into two types: banks and non-bank credit organizations (NPOs).

The main criterion that distinguishes a non-bank credit organization from a bank is the list of banking operations that the bank and the non-profit organization have the right to carry out.

What is an NPO? What types of banking operations are NPOs allowed to carry out? What types of non-bank credit institutions operate in Russia? And how many total non-profit organizations are currently operating in the banking system of the Russian Federation? So, first things first.

Non-bank credit organization– this is a legal entity, a commercial organization that, in order to make a profit as the main goal of its activities, on the basis of a license received from the Central Bank, has the right to carry out certain banking operations; At the same time, it is not provided for granting NPOs the right to open current accounts for individuals, make transfers to bank accounts of individuals and to attract funds from individuals on deposits, and therefore NPOs do not participate and should not participate in Deposit insurance system. From the entire list of banking operations, NPOs also cannot obtain the right to attract deposits and place precious metals - all these are privileges of banks.

Until mid-2011, the law “On Banks and Banking Activities” only stated that non-bank credit institutions could carry out certain banking operations, the permissible combinations of which were established by the Bank of Russia. On June 27, 2011, two, one might say, fateful federal laws for the Russian banking system were issued: 161-FZ “ About the national payment system" and 162-FZ "On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation in connection with the adoption of the Federal Law "On the National Payment System". The latter, in particular, amended Article 1 of Law no. 395-1 “About banks and banking activities”, dividing non-bank credit organizations into different types.

Now the law highlights:

1) Non-profit organizations that have the right to carry out money transfers without opening an account and conduct other banking operations related to them - such non-profit organizations received the name in the documents of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and in practice Payment NPOs;

2) Non-profit organizations that have the right to carry out certain banking operations, the combinations of which are established by the Central Bank. The Bank of Russia established these combinations by Instruction No. 135-I, providing two types of licenses - for the so-called Settlement non-profit organizations And Deposit and credit non-profit organizations.

As of June 27, 2013 in the Russian Federation there are 62 non-bank credit organizations.

Deposit and credit non-profit organizations They represent the smallest group of non-profit organizations, there are only 4 of them in the banking system of the Russian Federation. These NPOs can attract funds for deposits only from legal entities, place the raised money (issue loans to individuals and legal entities), engage in the purchase and sale of foreign currency in non-cash form, conducting this operation exclusively in their own name and at their own expense, and issue bank guarantees . Deposit and credit non-profit organizations are not allowed to open and maintain bank accounts, carry out settlements on behalf of individuals and legal entities, engage in collection, or make transfers without opening bank accounts.

As of June 27, 2013, deposit and credit operations are carried out by the Voronezh NDKO Interregional Microcredit Center, founded in 2008 and offering lending services for small and medium-sized businesses; Moscow NPO "Deposit Credit House", which provides loans to legal entities and individuals, as well as attracting funds from legal entities on deposits, NPO "Zelenokumskaya", transformed into an NPO from a bank in 2012, and NPO Tor Credit.

At one time, the NGO “Women's Microfinance Network”, which was formed in 2005 to support women entrepreneurs, became quite widely known. In 2011, the banking license of “ZhMS” was canceled due to the decision on self-liquidation, however, now the “Women’s Microfinance Network” no longer functions as a credit organization, but as a microfinance organization. Judging by the minimal presence of Deposit and Credit NPOs in the banking “community” and the declining income levels, this type of NPO will either cease to exist altogether or will move into the microfinance sector.

Deposit and credit non-profit organizations are issued a license to carry out banking operations in accordance with Appendix No. 10 to the Instruction of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 135-I“On the procedure for the Bank of Russia to make decisions on state registration of credit organizations and issuing licenses for banking operations.” The license options available to modern Deposit and Credit NPOs can be viewed by clicking on the images on the right.

Payment NPOs primarily owe their appearance to law no. 161-FZ“On the national payment system”, which obliges all legal entities providing money transfer services , have the status of a bank or non-profit organization and operate, accordingly, with a license from the Central Bank. The fact is that for working with electronic money and for making payments accepted from individuals in favor of other individuals or legal entities, a necessary and sufficient condition is that the license has the right to make transfers without opening a bank account for clients. In order to comply with the new law, well-known electronic money operators on the market, which previously operated as ordinary commercial companies, received a license from the Central Bank of the Russian Federation for payment non-profit organizations and began to operate as a non-bank credit organization. Thus, all payment NPOs, except one, were created during 2012 and 2013, and only MOSKLEARINGTSENTR (“Eleksnet”) received a Payment NPO license in March 2012, replacing the previous license issued many years ago.

Payment NPOs are issued a license to carry out banking operations in accordance with Appendix No. 25 to the Instruction of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 135-I, which provides for the following banking operations:

Making money transfers without opening bank accounts, including electronic money (with the exception of postal transfers)

Opening and maintaining bank accounts of legal entities and making money transfers on behalf of legal entities, including correspondent banks, in their bank accounts (NPOs have the right to carry out this operation only in relation to bank accounts of legal entities in connection with making money transfers without opening bank accounts)

Collection of funds, bills, payment and settlement documents and cash services for individuals and legal entities (NPOs have the right to carry out this operation only in connection with the implementation of money transfers without opening bank accounts)

Translating the dry language of the Instructions into Russian, we can state that, in fact, Payment NPOs can only make transfers without opening an account, using LORO correspondent accounts for this and accepting and collecting strictly those money and documents that relate to accepted transfers. Minimum authorized capital of the newly created Payment NPO is 18 million rubles.

As of June 27, 2013, there are only 10 Payment NPOs operating in Russia: Delta Key, Dengi.Mail.Ru, United Cash Office, Moneta.ru, Moscow Clearing Center (Eleksnet), Premium, PayPal RU, PayU, EPS and Yandex .Money.

Consider the different license options for Payment NPOs by clicking on the bank license images to enlarge them. The licenses are somewhat different, since Instruction No. 135-I allows non-bank credit organizations to issue licenses with a full list of operations in accordance with the relevant Appendix to Instructions 135-I, and with some of them.

Settlement non-profit organizations dominate in the banking system, they account for more than 77% of all registered NPOs, and it is Settlement NPOs that have the right to carry out the widest range of banking operations provided for non-bank credit institutions. Settlement non-profit organizations receive a license to carry out banking operations in accordance with Appendix No. 9 to the Instruction of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 135-I and have the right to open and maintain bank accounts for legal entities, carrying out transfers of funds on behalf of legal entities, including correspondent banks, through their bank accounts without restrictions that are provided for the same types of transactions for Payment Non-profit Organizations, as well as for the collection of funds, bills, payment and settlement documents and cash services legal entities and individuals (carried out only in connection with money transfers without opening bank accounts, including electronic money), for the purchase and sale of foreign currency in cash and non-cash forms, for making money transfers without opening bank accounts.

Neither Payment nor Settlement NPOs can issue loans or raise funds for deposits.

Among the Settlement Nonprofit Organizations there are organizations that specialize in collection. For example, the NPO INKAKHRAN, which provides collection and cash processing services throughout almost the entire territory of Russia, and the NPO BRINKS, which transports foreign currency, securities, precious metals and precious stones, are widely known on the market. The clients of these NPOs are very often banks, because organizing and maintaining their own collection service is a rather complex and expensive process, which not every bank can afford, and not every bank branch can afford, so specialized NPOs in this market sector often have an advantage over banks in terms of tariffs and level of service, and the banks themselves become clients of such NPOs.

Other Settlement NPOs, such as Rapida, ORS, and Leader, are focused on providing settlement services. The clients of such NPOs are individuals who use services for sending and receiving money transfers, paying for various types of services, and legal entities that provide these services, as well as banks that offer payment services to their own clients through the NPO settlement system. At the same time, each participant in the national payment system finds its own niche in the payments market. If “Rapida” is a set of services for repaying loans from any banks through terminals, partner stores, mobile phones, paying for cellular communications, the Internet and housing and communal services, paying for goods, maintaining electronic wallets, then “Leader” is instant transfers not only within Russia , but also all over the world, and ORS is implementing a project to consolidate ATM networks, cash issuance and payment acceptance points.

We can say that today is being formed new generation of non-bank credit institutions, focused on high-tech, convenient and instant service. The rapid development of Internet technologies and their close intertwining with banking technologies allows new NPOs to “live” exclusively in the virtual space, using the same banks, as well as trade and terminal networks as physical points of interaction with clients. Settlement NPOs are now becoming not only money transfer operators and electronic money transfer operators, they also act as payment system operators, clearing centers, settlement centers serving payment systems, exchanges, and the securities market. In order to conquer the market, the new generation of NPOs interacts with almost all its subjects: banks, retail chains, processing centers, terminal networks, online stores, payment systems, mobile operators, service providers. Modern NPOs are building their own payment networks, integrating hundreds of banks into payment systems, and expanding the geography of their presence.

Obviously, a big advantage that makes settlement services in demand is the speed of their implementation, which is provided by money transfer operators, including settlement NPOs. Of course, traditional services provided to clients by non-bank credit institutions continue to exist, but the vector of development of NPOs is aimed towards offering comprehensive services for money transfers, servicing electronic wallets, and transactions with bank cards. And in this area, NPOs, along with banks, become significant and competitive representatives of the national payment system.

ProfBanking publishes the full list of operating NPOs in Russia accessed June 27, 2013. Full list of NPOs (62 non-bank credit institutions) is contained in the attached table. For each NPO, the organizational and legal form, banking license number, type of NPO, date of creation, address and telephone numbers, and the official website of the NPO on the Internet are indicated. As of June 27, 2013, there are no other (except those listed in the table) operating non-bank credit organizations in Russia.

Composing list of NPOs, we noticed that, unlike banks, NPOs prefer the form of ownership in the form of a Limited Liability Company (almost 60% of NPOs are registered as LLCs), the CJSC form was chosen by 29% of non-bank credit organizations and only 7 NPOs (11% of the total number of NPOs ) operate as an Open Joint Stock Company. Just over 60% of NPOs have Moscow registration. A third of all NPOs are not present on the Internet and do not have websites. A significant number of currently operating non-bank credit organizations used to be banks, and then transformed into NPOs due to the impossibility of ensuring the required level of minimum equity (capital) - since 2010, no less than 90 million rubles, and since 2012, no less than 180 million . Banks that did not reach the required level of capitalization were forced to either close or apply for a replacement license. And if in 2009-2011 for banks, changing their status to a non-bank credit organization was a “lifeline” in the struggle for survival, then in 2012-2013 new non-profit organizations began to be born, purposefully developing their activities in the payment services market.

except for Russian Post, which operates on the basis of a separate federal law

In this article we will look at what they are non-bank credit organizations (NPOs), what are the features of their functioning and the main types. As you know, recently many different organizations have appeared that are not banks, but offer various lending services, most often - and, and sometimes also accept deposits from the public.

All this is NPO. But not only: there are non-bank credit organizations that, despite the name, have nothing to do with lending, but carry out, for example, various forms of settlements, operations in the stock and foreign exchange markets, etc. Now let's talk about everything in order.

Non-bank credit organizations are financial institutions that are not banks, but provide a limited range of banking services. The activities of such companies are regulated by law, and they are accountable to the Central Bank of the country.

Types of non-bank credit organizations.

All NPOs can be divided into 3 types:

1. Settlement (RNKO);

2. Payment (PNCO);

3. Deposit and credit (NDKO).

Let's look at what different types of NPOs do.

Settlement non-bank credit organizations are created to provide settlement and cash services to enterprises and individuals; in addition, they can carry out the purchase and sale of non-cash currency on the interbank foreign exchange market, and conduct professional activities on stock exchanges and world markets.

The following types of organizations can be classified as RNCO:

– Clearing companies;

– Clearing houses operating in the stock market;

– Clearing houses serving clients on the foreign exchange market;

– Settlement centers serving payment systems;

– Settlement centers servicing transfer systems without opening an account.

Examples of RNCOs include national payment systems (for example, Zolotaya Korona), clearing houses, depositories, etc.

Payment non-bank credit organizations specialize in paying and sending money transfers without opening an account. Unlike the previous type, PNCOs carry out a narrower range of operations, the whole essence of which comes down to ensuring the security of sending and receiving transfers, including using electronic payment systems or mobile payments.

Examples of such organizations include money transfer systems without opening an account (Contact, Unistream, Anelik, etc.), electronic payment systems (WebMoney, Yandex.Money, etc.), payment systems of mobile operators.

Non-bank depository and credit organizations- the type of NPO that will interest us primarily - they are engaged in attracting deposits and issuing loans, without carrying out settlement transactions. In addition, their ability to accept deposits and issue loans may also have legal restrictions: both in terms of amounts and types of deposits/loans.

The list of operations carried out by NPOs, as a rule, comes down to two main ones:

1. Issuing loans to individuals and legal entities (usually individuals);

2. Acceptance of deposits or investments from individuals and legal entities (in some cases - only from individuals or only from legal entities).

In addition, NDCOs may issue guarantees, engage in stock market activities, and sometimes carry out certain other transactions associated with accepting deposits and making loans.

Let's consider the main types of non-bank depository and credit organizations:

Credit unions are associations of groups of people created for the purpose of lending, first of all, to the members of this group. Members of the credit union themselves contribute shares (contributions) to it, and are also involved in attracting deposits from the public. As the required amount is accumulated, it is issued as a loan to a member of the credit union or to another person. Credit unions always have higher deposit rates than banks, but loans are also issued at higher interest rates than bank ones.

Mutual aid funds– public organizations that are based on voluntary contributions from people, from which a certain fund is formed. Participants in the mutual aid fund have the right to draw from this fund. This form of credit organization was quite popular during the Soviet era, but now in a number of countries the activities of mutual aid funds are prohibited at the legislative level, since they began to disguise themselves as them.

Credit cooperatives are in many ways similar to credit unions, but can provide loans to their members using a loan received from a bank. That is, a credit cooperative as a legal entity can take out a large loan from a bank and distribute it in the form of small loans to its participants, of course, at a higher rate, but also with a more flexible approach to the substitute.

Pawnshops– non-bank credit organizations that issue cash for any needs secured by movable property. always very expensive, but you can get it without any questions, the main and only requirement is the presence of collateral - some valuable item with sufficient liquidity (from jewelry to vehicles).

Leasing companies– organizations whose services combine rental and lending. The leasing company provides its clients with the opportunity to purchase the necessary property on a lease basis with further transfer into ownership. Leasing lending is interesting, first of all, for legal entities, for example, when purchasing expensive equipment or transport, since it allows you to optimize taxation. Companies providing leasing services are often subsidiaries of commercial banks.

Insurance companies can also be considered as non-bank credit organizations, since, using accumulated insurance premiums, they often issue loans, primarily to representatives of large corporate businesses (industry, wholesale trade). Insurance companies are also very often opened at banks or are part of banking consortiums.

Now you know what non-bank credit organizations are and what they are like. Certain types of NPOs have already been discussed in more detail (you can follow the links in the text and get acquainted), while others will be gradually considered in the future.

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Non-bank credit organizations, which are abbreviated as NPOs, are specialized companies that perform a variety of operations for clients: settlement, credit, payment or other banking. Work activities are carried out in strict accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. The main difference between such companies and standard banks is that they do not have the right to open accounts for borrowers or accumulate funds. Therefore, it is impossible to make money by investing in them.

Initially, you need to carefully study all the differences between standard banks and non-profit organizations. The differences include the following:

Thus, banks have extensive and numerous powers, rights and opportunities, but NPOs are prohibited by law from many actions. Due to the relatively small authorized capital required to open an NPO, many businessmen are interested in organizing them. If you conduct your business legally and successfully, the profit from it will be very high.

Main types of NPOs

There are three types of such organizations that have certain differences:

Thus, non-bank credit organizations are presented in several varieties, each with its own powers and subject to specific requirements.

Features of deposit and credit non-profit organizations

These organizations are quite difficult to open. They can attract money from legal entities, as well as place it and create deposits. They have the right to carry out various transactions with currencies belonging to other countries in non-cash form, however, it is important that these actions are carried out on behalf of the company itself and are accompanied by bank guarantees.

Depository non-profit organizations are prohibited from performing the following actions:

Specifics of organizing payment NPOs

These companies specialize in money transfers for which bank accounts are not opened. To engage in this type of activity, there is certainly a need to obtain a license from the Central Bank.

The most popular types of payment NPOs are various electronic systems that are widespread on the Internet. All of them are required to obtain a license, as a result of which they become full-fledged.

The main areas of work of such organizations are:

• implementation of money transfers, and this process is not accompanied by the opening of a bank account, and this also includes electronic transfers, but the exception is postal;
• opening and maintaining accounts for legal entities, as well as making money transfers for them, and this also includes cooperation with correspondent banks;
• collection of money or payment and settlement documents, as well as cash services, however, these operations must be related to the execution of money transfers without opening an account.

Thus, payment non-bank credit organizations have limited rights and powers, but they are quite popular and are also in demand among a large number of companies. There are many restrictions for them, for the observance of which they bear a serious responsibility.

No types of NPOs have the right to issue loans to other companies or individuals, or to attract money for deposits. Violation of this condition is punishable by law.

Pros of opening an NPO

There are certain advantages of these organizations over standard banks. These include the fact that these firms are limited in the choice of instruments for providing services to the public, therefore only those types of instruments are used that have a risk coefficient equal to zero.

Banks invest huge amounts of money in the course of their operations to attract risk management professionals. For various NPOs this is not required at all, since they do not carry out any risky operations.

Preparation of documents for opening an NPO

A non-bank credit organization can be opened only if a complete package of documents is prepared. The latter include:

Within the next three months after the documents are prepared and submitted, a response will be received from the Central Bank.

The nuances of the work of companies specializing in electronic payments

Non-bank credit organizations working with electronic money are considered promising and profitable. This is due to the fact that a huge number of modern companies and individuals constantly use electronic money. This is considered profitable, convenient and easy to implement. To carry out any transactions with such funds, you do not even need to leave your home.

A non-bank credit organization working with electronic money is considered a profitable company with the ability to earn high profits. This leads to the emergence of new similar institutions that are promising and interesting to Internet users.

This type of NPO operates according to the following principles:

• An intermediary is certainly used in the work process, which is any bank. Its services are mandatory because the non-bank credit company itself does not have the right to hold the money of its clients. Therefore, it is the company itself that in most cases acts as an intermediary between the owners of funds and the bank in which this money is stored.
• Companies specialize in transferring real money into electronic money. In this case, the buyer must send a special payment order, in accordance with which money is transferred to the account of a specific organization that is a payment system. To complete this process, a request is sent to the EPS in advance to obtain approval for this procedure.
• Another important operation that such NPOs are able to provide is the conversion of electronic funds into real ones. To do this, the seller must send an order with the help of which the withdrawal of funds is carried out. From the current account, which was replenished by the buyer, money is paid to the seller.

Electronic payment systems, which are NPOs, are very popular, since there are a huge number of companies acting as both buyers and sellers. The operation is similar to the functioning of modern financial markets. If a situation arises where there are fewer buyers than sellers, withdrawals may be suspended until the optimal ratio is reached.

The profit of NPOs is based on charging commissions for transfers, and partnership agreements are created that are beneficial for these companies.

Specifics of the functioning of modern NPOs

Modern companies are unusual and innovative, and therefore are classified as new generation organizations. In the process of their operation, special attention is paid to the service, which becomes high-tech and convenient, as well as instantaneous, due to which various money transfers are carried out almost in a second. This is due to the fact that banking technologies are constantly developing, and they have a direct impact on the work of numerous non-profit organizations.

Due to the introduction of innovations, settlement and other activities of companies are carried out exclusively virtually. For this purpose, banks and networks are used, which are trading and terminal, and they act as points through which organizations interact with clients.

Settlement NPOs are now not only operators providing the transfer of real funds. They also become operators who transfer electronic money. Additionally, they are operators of various payment systems. Some NPOs are full-fledged clearing companies or settlement centers, and also act as an exchange or securities market. Some such organizations are payment service providers.

Modern NPOs strive to conquer the market, for which they work with numerous entities operating in it. This includes not only banks, but also:

NPOs have the right to create full-fledged payment networks. They form special payment systems, which include a huge number of banks, so the territorial coverage of organizations increases.

A significant advantage of using NPO services by many companies is that all transfers and other operations carried out are characterized by high speed, and urgent operations are considered the most popular. Despite the emergence of a huge number of non-bank credit institutions of various types, numerous microfinance organizations that provide traditional services are still in demand, but the majority of their clients are people or companies that adhere to a conservative way of doing business.

The effective and constant development of NPOs leads to the fact that they are endowed with an increasing number of powers and functions, improving the service and maintenance of money transfers or electronic wallets, as well as transactions related to bank cards. Due to this, NPOs become strong competitors for standard banks.

The largest number of these organizations are opened when choosing an organizational form as LLC. A smaller number of companies are CJSC or OJSC. More than 60% of these institutions are located in the Russian capital. Moreover, 30% work only offline, so they don’t even have their own websites. Many modern NPOs are former banks. Their reorganization in most cases is associated with the inability to maintain too large an amount of capital, which is an indispensable condition for any bank.

Thus, it is important to know not only what NPOs are, but also what capabilities and functions they are endowed with. These organizations appeared relatively recently, but quickly gained popularity among a huge number of companies. They are presented in several varieties, each with its own powers, rights, responsibilities and characteristics.

By regularly improving the activities of these organizations, it ensures the growth of their client base. Cooperation with them is convenient and prompt, which is an important parameter when making various transfers or actions with bank cards or electronic wallets.

A non-bank credit organization (NPO) is a legal entity that carries out a limited list of financial transactions. The list is determined by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and depends on the type of non-profit organization, there are only three of them: deposit-credit, payment and settlement.

Deposit and credit non-banking organization

• attracts deposits from legal entities;
• uses depositors' funds to make a profit;
• buys and sells currency;
• issues guarantees to banks.

Payment non-bank credit organization

• opening and maintaining accounts of organizations;
• collection of money and securities;
• transfer of funds between individuals and legal entities.

Settlement non-bank credit organization

• opening and maintaining accounts of organizations;
• collection;
• transfers without opening an account;
• purchase/sale of currency;
• transactions with securities.

Types of non-bank credit institutions by field of activity

Clearing institutions

Collection companies

Money transfer companies

Electronic money

Electronic money is used to pay for services and goods. They interact with regular banks. You can withdraw money to a card or top up your e-wallet from it. Some organizations provide the opportunity to exchange currency.

Conclusion